LIST OF SPECIES TREATED
The species are listed in a systematic order modified for the present study; the sequence does not strictly follow the (various !) systematic arrangements in usage among ornithologists.
1. Ostrich
2. Domestic fowl
3. Pheasant
4. Peafowl
5. Domestic turkey
6. Guineafowl
7. Capercaillie
8. Black Grouse
9. Caucasian Black Grouse
10. Hazel Grouse
11. Willow Grouse
11a Red Grouse
12. Rock Ptarmigan
13. Caucasian Snowcock
14. Caspian Snowcock
15. Black Francolin
15a. Double-spurred Francolin
15b. Indian Grey Francolin
16. Red-legged Partridge
17. Rock (and Chukar) Partridge
18. Barbary Partridge
19. Arabian Partridge
19a. "Partridge", undetermined
- gallinaceous birds
gallinaceous birds
20. See See Partridge
21. Sand Partridge
22. Grey Partridge
23. Quail
24. Flamingo
25. Mute Swan
26. Whooper Swan
27. Domestic goose and goose in general
28. Grey Lag-Goose
29. Bean Goose
30. White-fronted Goose
31. Lesser White-fronted Goose
31a. Snow Goose
32. Brent Goose
33. Barnacle Goose
34. Canada Goose
35. Red-breasted Goose
36. Common Shelduck
37. Ruddy Shelduck
38. Egyptian Goose
39. Muscovy Duck
40. Mallard
41. Pintail Duck
42. Shoveller
43. Garganey
44. Green-winged Teal
44a. Baikal Teal
45. Gadwall
46. European Wigeon
47. Marbled Teal
48. Tufted Duck
49. Greater Scaup
50. Common Pochard
51. Ferruginous Duck
52. Red-crested Pochard
53. White-headed Duck
54. Common Goldeneye
54a Barrow's Goldeneye
54b Harlequin Duck
55. Long-tailed Duck
56. Velvet Scoter
57. Black Scoter
58. Common Eider
59. King Eider
60. Red-breasted Merganser
61. Goosander
62. Smew
63. Red-throated Diver
64. Black-throated Diver
65. Great Northern Diver
66. Great Crested Grebe
67. Red-necked Grebe
68. Black-necked Grebe
69. Slavonian Grebe
70. Little Grebe
71. Great Auk
72. Razorbill
73. Atlantic Puffin
74. Common Guillemot (Murre)
74a. Brünnich's Guillemot
75. Black Guillemot
76. Little Auk
77. Arctic Skua
78. Pomarine Skua
79. Long-tailed Skua
80. Great Skua
81. Herring Gull
82. Lesser Black-backed Gull
83. Greater Black-backed Gull
84. Glaucous Gull
85. Mew Gull
86. Kittiwake
87. Audouin's Gull
88. Slender-billed Gull
88a. White-eyed Gull
88b. Sooty Gull
89. Great Black-headed Gull
90. Black-headed Gull
91. Mediterranean Gull
92. Little Gull
93. Sabine's Gull
94. Gull-billed Tern
95. Caspian Tern
96. Sandwich Tern
96a. Greater Crested Tern
97. Common Tern
98. Arctic Tern
98a. Roseate Tern
99. Little Tern
100. Black Tern
101. Whiskered Tern
102. White-winged Black Tern
102a. Skimmer
103. Eastern White Pelican
104. Dalmatian Pelican
105. Great Cormorant
106. Shag
107. Pygmy Cormorant
108. Gannet
108a. Brown Booby
108b. Red-Billed Tropic Bird
108c. Magnificent Frigate Bird
109. Albatrosses spp.
110. Nodrthern Fulmar
111. Manx Shearwater
112. Cory's Shearwater
113. Sooty Shearwater
114. Greater Shearwater
115. British Storm Petrel
116. Leach's Storm Petrel
116a. Madeiran Storm Petrel
117. Wilson's Storm Petrel
118. Grey Heron
119. Purple Heron
120. Great Egret
121. Little Egret
122. Cattle Egret
123. Squacco Heron
124. Little Bittern
125. Eurasian Bittern
126. Black-crowned Night Heron
127. White Stork
128. Black Stork
129. White Spoonbill
130. Glossy Ibis
131. Hermit Ibis
132. Sacred Ibis
133. Common Crane
134. Demoiselle Crane
134a. Crowned Crane
135. Great Bustard
136. Little Bustard
137. Houbara Bustard
138. Black Coot
139. Red-knobbed Coot
140. Purple Swamphen
141. Moorhen (Common Gallinule)
142. Water Rail
143. Spotted Crake
144. Baillon's Crake
145. Little Crake
146. Corn Crake
147. Little Button-Quail
148. Pin-tailed Sandgrouse
149. Black-bellied Sandgrouse
150. Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse
150a. Spotted Sandgrouse
150b. Crowned Sandgrouse
150c. Lichtenstein's Sandgrouse
151. Pallas' Sandgrouse
152. Pratincole
153. Cream-coloured Courser
154. Stone-Curlew
155. Oystercatcher
156. Black-winged Stilt
157. Pied Avocet
158. Northern Lapwing
159. Spur-winged Lapwing
160. Sociable plover
160a. White-tailed Plover
161. Golden Plover
162. Grey Plover
163. Ringed Plover
164. Little Ringed Plover
165. Kentish Plover
166. Dotterel
167. Western Curlew
168. Whimbrel
168a. Slender-billed Curlew
169. Black-tailed Godwit
170. Bar-tailed Godwit
171. Genus Tringa : large sandpipers
172. Green Sandpiper
173. Wood Sandpiper
174. Common Redshank
175. Spotted Redshank
176. Common Greenshank
177. Marsh Sandpiper
178. Common Sandpiper
179. Terek Sandpiper
180. Genus Calidris: small sandpipers, stints
181. Dunlin
182. Little Stint
183. Temminck's Stint
184. Red Knot
185. Curlew Sandpiper
186. Purple Sandpiper
187. Sanderling
188. Broad-billed Sandpiper
189. Ruff
190. Ruddy Turnstone
191. Red-necked Phalarope
192. Grey Phalarope
193. Woodcock
194. Common Snipe
195. Jack Snipe
196. Great Snipe
197. Griffon Vulture
198. Black Vulture
199. Egyptian Vulture
200. Bearded Vulture
201. Eagles, collective names
202. White-tailed Sea Eagle
203. Osprey
204. Golden Eagle
205. Imperial Eagle
206. Tawny Eagle
207. Greater Spotted Eagle
208. Lesser Spotted Eagle
209. Bonelli's Eagle
210. Booted Eagle
211. EurasianBuzzard
212. Rough-legged Buzzard
213. Long-legged Buzzard
214. Honey Buzzard
215. Black Kite
216. Red Kite
217. Black-shouldered Kite
218. Marsh Harrier
219. Hen Harrier
220. Montagu's Harrier
221. Pallid Harrier
222. Short-toed Eagle
223. Small raptors
224. Northern Goshawk
225. Northern Sparrow Hawk
226. Shikra
226a. Levant Sparrow Hawk
227. Peregrine Falcon
227a. Barbary Falcon
228. Lanner Falcon
229. Saker Falcon
229a. Jugger Falcon
230. Gyrfalcon
231. Eleonora's Falcon
232. Hobby
233. Merlin
234. Common Kestrel
235. Lesser Kestrel
236. Red-footed Falcon
237. Owls:collective names
238. Barn Owl
239. Tawny Owl
240. Ural Owl
241. Great Grey Owl
242. Little Owl
243. Pygmy Owl
244. Tengmalm's Owl
245. Hawk Owl
246. Snowy Owl
247. Eagle Owl
248. Long-eared Owl
249. Short-eared Owl
250. Scops Owl
251. European Nightjar
252. Red-necked Nightjar
253. Egyptian Nightjar
254. Feral Rock Pigeon
255. Wood Pigeon
256. Stock Pigeon
256a. Laurel Pigeon
256b. Trocaz Pigeon
257. Turtle Dove
258. Collared Dove
258a. African Collared Dove
259. Laughing Dove
260. Parrots and parakeets
261. Cuckoo
262. Great Spotted Cuckoo
262a. Senegal Coucal
263. Hoopoe
264. European Roller
264a. Indian Roller
265. European Bee Eater
266. Blue-cheeked Bee Eater
266a. Little Green Bee Eater
267. River Kingfisher
268. White-throated Kingfisher
269. Lesser Pied Kingfisher
270. Green Woodpecker
271. Grey-faced Woodpecker
272. Black Woodpecker
273. Great Spotted Woodpecker
274. Middle Spotted Woodpecker
275. White-backed Woodpecker
276. Syrian Woodpecker
277. Little Spotted Woodpecker
278. Three-toed Woodpecker
279. Wryneck
280. Carrion Crow
281. Hooded Crow
282. Rook
283. Common Raven
284. Brown-necked Raven
284a. Fan-tailed Raven
285. Jackdaw
286. Red-billed Chough
287. Alpine Chough
288. Magpie
289. Azure-winged Magpie
290. Jay
291. Spotted Nutcracker
292. Siberian Jay
293. Common Starling
294. Spotless Starling
295. Rose-coloured Starling
295a. Tristram's Starling
295b. Southern Grackle (Hill Mynah)
296. Golden Oriole
297. Eurasian Skylark
298. Wood Lark
299. Crested Lark
299a. Thekla Lark
300. Red-capped Lark
301. Lesser Short-toed Lark
301a. Desert Lark
301b. Dupont's Lark
302. Calandra Lark
302a. White-winged Lark
302b. Black Lark
302c. Thick-billed Lark
303. Hoopoe Lark
304. Horned Lark
305. Meadow Pipit
306. Water (and Rock) Pipit
307. Tree Pipit
308. Tawny Pipit
309. Red-throated Pipit
310. Richard's Pipit
311. Canarian Pipit
312. Long-billed Pipit
313. White Wagtail
314. Yellow Wagtail
315. Grey Wagtail
316. Barn Swallow
317. Red-rumped Swallow
318. Crag Martin
319. House Martin
320. Sand Martin (Bank Swallow)
321. Black Swift
322. Pallid Swift
322a. Plain Swift
323. Alpine Swift
324. Great Grey Shrike
325. Lesser Grey Shrike
326. Red-backed Shrike
327. Woodchat Shrike
328. Masked Shrike
329. Bohemian Waxwing
330. Garden Bulbul
330a. White-cheeked Bulbul
331. Spotted Flycatcher
332. Pied Flycatcher
333. Collared Flycatcher
334. Red-breasted Flycatcher
335. European Robin
336. Bluethroat
337. Nightingale
338. Thrush Nightingale
339. Song Thrush
340. Mistle Thrush
341. Fieldfare
342. Redwing
343. Blackbird
344. Ring Ousel
345. Blue Rock Thrush
346. Mountain Rock Thrush
347. Common Redstart
348. Black Redstart
348a. Moussier's Redstart
349. Northern Wheatear
350. Black-eared Wheateared
350a. Pied Wheatear
351. Black Wheatear
352. White-crowned Black Wheatear
352a. Mourning Wheatear
352b. Variable Wheatear
352c. Finsch's Wheatear
352d. Desert Wheatear
352ee. Isabelline Wheatear
352f. Blackstart
353. Common Stonechat
354. Whinchat
355. Rufous Scrub Robin
356. Fulvous Babbler
356a. Common Babbler
356b. Arabian Babbler
357. Garden Warbler
358. Blackcap
359. Barred Warbler
360. Orphean Warbler
361. Sardinian Warbler
362. Whitethroat
363. Lesser Whitethroat
364. Spectacled Warbler
364a. Ruppell's Warbler
364b. Cyprus Warbler
365. Subalpine Warbler
366. Dartford Warbler
367. Marmora's Warbler
367a. Tristram's Warbler
367b. Desert Whitethroat
368. Cetti's Warbler
369. Grashopper Warbler
370. Savi's Warbler
371. River Warbler
372. Zitting Cisticola (Fan-tailed Warbler)
372a. Graceful Warbler
372b. Streaked Scrub Warbler
373. Great Reed Warbler
373b. Clamorous Reed Warbler
374. Reed Warbler
375. Marsh Warbler
376. Blyth's Reed Warbler
377. Aquatic Warbler
378. Sedge Warbler
379. Moustached Warbler
380. Melodious Warbler
381. Icterine Warbler
382. Olivaceous Warbler
383. Olive-tree Warbler
383a. Booted Warbler
384. Willow Warbler
385. Chiffchaff
386. Wood Warbler
387. Bonelli's Warbler
387a. Greenish Warbler
388. Goldcrest
389. Firecrest
390. Great Tit
391. Blue Tit
392. Azure Tit
393. Coal Tit
394. Willow Tit
395. Marsh Tit
396. Sombre Tit
397. Crested Tit
398. Long-tailed Tit
399. Bearded Reedling
400. Penduline Tit
400a. Purple Sunbird
400b. Orange-tufted Sunbird
400c. Pygmy Sunbird
401. Eurasian Nuthatch
402. Rock Nuthatch
402a. Eastern Rock Nuthatch
402b. Corsican Nuthatch
402c. Krüper's Nuthatch
403. Wallcreeper
404. Short-toed Creeper
405. Common Treecreeper
406. Winter Wren
407. White-throated Dipper
408. Dunnock
409. Alpine Accentor
410. House Sparrow
411. Spanish Sparrow
412. EurasianTree Sparrow
413. Streaked Rock Sparrow
414. Common Waxbill
415. Eurasian Goldfinch
416. Western Greenfinch
417. Spruce Siskin
418. European Serin
419. Canary
420. Red-fronted Serin
421. Citril Finch
422. Linnet
423. Redpoll
424. Twite
425. Trumpeter Finch
425a. Sinai Rosefinch
425b. Lichtenstein's Desert Finch
425c. Crimson-winged Finch
426. Common Rosefinch
426a. Caucasian Great Rosefinch
427. Pine Grosbeak
428. Red Crossbill
429. White-winged Crossbill
429a. Parrot Crossbill
430. Northern Bullfinch
430a. Azores Bullfinch
431. Hawfinch
431a. White-winged Grosbeak
432. Chaffinch
433. Brambling
434. White-winged Snowfinch
435. Snow Bunting
436. Lapland Bunting
437. Reed Bunting
438. Yellow Bunting
439. Cirl Bunting
439a. Yellow-breasted Bunting
440. Black-headed Bunting
441. Ortolan Bunting
442. Cretszschmar's Bunting
443. Rock Bunting
444. House Bunting
445. Corn Bunting