1.8 SANSKRIT |
Dave, K.N, 1985. BirdsinSanskritliterature. Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi.
Thaker, J.P., 1963. Peacock: The national bird of India. Pavo, the Indian Journal of Ornithology, Baroda, Vol. 1, No. 1.
NOTE. The names marked with an asterisk are not cited in Dave.
Attributions often doubtful. Dave has left few if any unidentified names, which is well nigh impossible.
abhavyahamsa.- Young swan (in brown plumage)
adhamavesara.- Crested Goshawk Accipitertrivirgatus
àgàsajoini.- (Prakrit) Kestrel Falcotinnunculus (Dave)
àdi,àti.-Bank Mynah Acridotheresgingianus ? (see also àti)
agina,aginajittà.- "Fire sparrow" attributed to the Bush-Lark by Dave
agnikantha.- Bush-Lark
ahibhug*,ahidviS*,ahiripu*.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("enemy of snakes")
àja,àja-grdhra.- Bearded Vulture Gypaetusbarbatus "having a beard (like a goat)"
ajjahi-jodah*.- Wagtail Motacilla
alaja.- Bearded Vulture Gypaetusbarbatus (see àja)
alila.- Swift
àlu*.- Owl ð5.24.1.
ambakamaddari.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus
ambukukkutika.- Unidentified
amgahetuka.- Green-billed Malkoha Rhopodytestristis or Sirkeer Cuckoo Taccocualeschenaultii (Dave)
amrtavàkà.- Peregrine Falcon @
amyabhritas*,anyapuStas*.- "Cuckoo fed by another"
andhakàka.- Indian Pond Heron Ardeolagrayii
andiraka.- Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus
angàracudaka.- Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotuscafer
annadusaka.- A seed-eating bird ("grain-robber")
anyavàpa.- A cuckoo
apàndura-kapota.- Ring Dove Streptopeliadecaocto
àpatika* = patran
àrà,àràmukhi.- Avocet Recurvirostraavocetta
aranyacataka.- A lark
aristakanka.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
arjuna.- Peacock Pavocristatus (white, the albino form)
arjunaka.- Paradise Flycatcher Trpsiphoneparadisi
aruna-kapota.- Red-collared Dove Streptopeliatranquebarica
aruna.- Red-headed Vulture Aegypiuscalvus
arunakrauñca.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber ("red heron")
àsakkhra.- Magpie Robin Copsychussaularis
asi* (see hansa)
asitàpanga.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimpeyanus ("having blue orbital skin")
àstika.- Black-winged Stilt
àsurakàkola.- Raven Corvuscorax
asvaka, asvàkhya.- A song-bird, Magpie Robin?
àtakacataka.- A bunting ("wandering sparrow")
àtàyin.- Black Kite Milvusmigrans
atharvaveda.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
àti,àti,àdi,àdi.- Black Ibis Pseudibispapillosa (also attributed to the Bank Mynah, Acridotheresgingianus)
atiS*.- A water bird
atmagoSa*.- Cock
atyukha.- Attributed to both "a cuckoo" and to the Peacock Pavocristatus
atyukha.- Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculusvarius
auranganavàji.- Sparrow Hawk Accipiternisus and A.badius
aurangana*.- A kind of vàsa
avabhañka.- A kind of bird (Open-billed Stork?)
añjalikarna.- Lesser Florican Sypheotidesindica
bacà.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
bàdarakukkuta.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
bàhujasuka.- Rose-ringed Parakeet
bahulagriva.- Houbara Bustard Chlamydotisundulata
baka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
bakeru.- Great Egret Ardea alba
bakáh.- Heron
bala.- White-tailed Sea Eagle?
balibhukcataka.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus
balipustakàka.- House Crow Corvussplendens
balipustsa.- (By poets) crow
balàka*.- A kind of vàja, slender with black and white feathers on breast
balàkikà.- Little Egret Egrettagarzetta
balàkà.- Egrets (coll.)
balàkà krti.- The Aseel type of game-cock (long-necked and long-legged)
balàkàk savàja.- Goshawk Accipitergentilis
barhin.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("feathered", from its long tail)
barhina.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimpeyanus (see barhin)
barhi.- Peacock Pavocristatus
baràbatera.- Common Quail Coturnixcoturnix
bat*,bath*,bathak*.- Goose ð40., Span.
bhadra.- "wagtail"
bhallaka,bhalluka.- A bird of prey
bhandu-tittira.- Same remark as of hima-tittira q.v.
bhandira,gobhandira.- Common Snipe Gallinagogallinago (a reference to its aerial song)
bharaya,bharadvàja.- Skylark
bhasa.- Himalayan Tree-pie Dendrocittaformosae
bhasad*,bhàsenta*.- A duck
bhasmacchavikàka.- House Crow Corvussplendens
bhasmàngapàràvata.- Rock Pigeon Columbalivia
bhata.- Sandpipers and stints (coll.)
bhatakukkuta = balàkàkrti
bhimja,bhimgàra,bhimgàraka.- (Prakrit) Black Drongo (meaning "black")
bhimkàra.- (Pali) Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis
bhringa*,bhrnga*,bhrngaka*.- Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis. Name adopted in ornithology for the genus Bhringa = Dicrurus
bhrngarola.- Purple Sunbird Nectariniaasiatica (honey bird)
bhrngaràja.- Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurusparadiseus) ("king of the drongos")
bhujangabhuk*,bhujangabhogin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("snake eater")
bhàndika.- swallow ("an earthen pot", from its mud nest)
bhàradvàdja.- Skylark
bhàradvàdja.- swift (coll.)
bhàrati.- Skylark; also attributed to the Quail
bhàsa*.- A bird of prey ð7.12.1.
bhasad*,bhàsanta*.- A duck.
bhàsaka.- Egyptian Vulture Neophronpercnopterus
bhàsoluka.- Dusky Eagle Owl Bubocoromandus
bhimaràja.- Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis
bhukàka.- Black Ibis Pseudibispapillosa
bhulingasakuni.- Nile Plover fide Dave
bhulingsakuni.- A plover (laying its eggs in a hole in the sand)
bhumisaya.- Rock Pigeon Columbalivia
bidàla.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama (miows like a cat)
bindurekhaka.- Unidentified
bisanàsika.- Epithet for a heron
brahmaputra.- Tufted Duck Aythyafuligula
brhabakàh.- Stork (coll.)
brhadbaka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
brhadrupa.- Eagle-Owl Bubobubo
brhat-cañcubaka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
bràhmi cati.- Skylark
caba*.- Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis (see càsa)
cada* = patra
cakora,cakoraka.- Chukar Partridge Alectorisgraecachukar (modern Himalayan name cakar, of imitative origin)
cakra,cakranga,cakrin,cakravàka.- Ruddy Shelduck Tadornaferruginea
cakrakoka.- Green pigeon genusTreron
cakranga*.- A kind of vàja
cakravàka.- Brahminy Duck Tadornaferruginea
cakràngavàja.- Young Goshawk
cancusuci.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus
candraka,candrakoluka.- Barn Owl Tytoalba (refers to its white colour)
candrakànta.- White-throated Kingfisher Halcyonsmyrnensis
candrakavant.- Peacock Pavocristatus
cara*,carata*.- Wagtail ("oscillating")
caraka,carakh*.- Saker Falcon
caranàyudha.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety: "whose feet are armed")
carellaga.- Cherrug Falcon ("wanderer")
carilli,carilla.- Swift
carmacuda.- Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun)
carmacudakukkuta.- Jungle fowl
càsa*,càSa*.- Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
cataka,devakulacataka.- Swallow or swift
cataka,catikà.- Various small birds: has been attributed to the Sparrow, the Quail, the Pied Crested Cuckoo; it appears to be a collective name (cf. also Bengali cataka "flycatcher")
catakikà.- A small bird
catikà.- A munia
caurikàka.- Jackdaw Corvusmonedula
celakedu.- (Pali) Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphoneparadisi
celàvka- (Pali).- Great Egret Ardeaalba
ceta*.- A hunting hawk
ciccika.- A kind of bird
ciccika.- A kind of bird or an insect
cikhin*, cikhandin*, cikhandika*.- Peacock Pavocristatus
cikura.- tree-creeper, wren
cilla.- Black Kite Milvusmigrans; adopted as a sc. name Spilornischeela
cimi,cimika.- a parrot
cirajivin.- Crow ("long living")
ciralli.- A small bird, see cirilli
cirambhana.- Black Kite Milvusmigrans
ciràntaka.- Hobby Falcosubbuteo
cirata,ciritika.- Crested Bunting
ciri.- A parrot
cirikàka*.- Green Magpie Cissachinensis
cirilli,ciralli.- Swift (coll.), see also carilli
cirili = carilli
ciritka*.- A small bird
citra-kapota,citrapaksakapota.- Spotted Dove Streptopeliachinensis
citrabarhana.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimpeyanus ("with a painted tail")
citraka.- Idian Pitta or Kingfisher ("painted")
citrapaksa.- Black Francolin (or Partridge) Francolinusfrancolinus ("spotted plumage")
citrapicchaka.- Peacock Pavocristatus (variegated)
citraprstha.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus (an adnoun)
citravàja.- "Having variegated wings", adjective for either theIndian Roller Coraciasbengalensis or the Peacock
citràngada.- Banded Crake
citràngi.- Pied Starling Sturnuscontra
culankavàji.- Crested Goshawk Accipitertrivirgatus
càhà.- Snipe (coll.), from their habit of springing out of cover
càmikara.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus
càsa,càSa.- Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis (Pers.kasak,kaSku)
càtaka,kàtaka,catika.- Cuckoo (coll.), for their plaintive note; also attributed to the Sparrow, the Quail and the Pied Crested Cuckoo Oxylophusjacobinus
cinàbatera.- Common Quail Coturnixcoturnix
culikànka*.- A kind of vesàra
dagatunda.- (Prakrit) Saker Falcon?
dagdhakàka.- Brown-necked Raven Corvusruficollis
dahiya,dahiyaka.- The Magpie-Robin Copsychussaularis
dahuka*.- A water bird
dakSa.- Cock
daityadvipa.- White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetusleucogaster
daksa.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
dakSa*.- Cock
dalaciri.- A seed-eating bird
damcavadanah*.- "Heron" (cf. pers. dum-jumbanak wagtail)
dandi.- A pet parrot (epithet)
darbharalàva.- Bustard-Quail Turnixsuscitator
darvidà,darvitunda.- Spoonbill Spatulaclypeata
darvàghàta.- Woodpecker
datyuhà = natyuhà
devahamsa.- White-winged Wood Duck Cairinascutulata
devatti.- gull, genus Larus
dgrdru.- Nightjar? (see Dave)
dhanasu.- epithet for the Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis, literally "producer of wealth", because it is beneficial to agriculture
dhanvana.- Little Green Bee-eater Meropsorientalis
dhanàkha.- Hawk Cuckoo Cuculusvarius
dhavalakapota,dhavala-pandu.- Ring Dove Streptopeliadecaocto
dhavalavàyasa.- Albinos crow
dhdvànksa.- See dhvàksa
dhemki.- (Prakrit) Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber
dhitaràja.- Grey Lag-Goose Anseranser
dhorana.- swan
dhrtaràstri.- The mythological swan, mother of all swans
dhvajin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("full of pride")
dhvàkSà,dvànkSa.- Crow and a water bird (< dvàk to crow)
dhàrtaràstra.- Whooper Swan Cygnuscygnus
dhàvanavàji.- Besra Sparrow Hawk Accipitervirgatus
dhàvanà*.- A kind of vàsa
dhumyàta.- Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis (because it snaps insects up in the air in front of advancing clouds of smoke from brush fires)
dhumikà.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
dhumikà.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
dhusaracataka.- A lark
dhusarakapota.- Laughing Dove Streptopeliasenegalensis
dhusara*.- Pigeon ð3.3.8.1.
dhuti*.- Hobby of Besra Hawk
dindimànavaka,dindimànaka.- Crimson-breasted Barbet Megalaima haemacephala
dindubhi.- The Himalayan Cuckoo Cuculussaturatus
dirghajanghah*.- Heron ("long-legged")
dirghàyus*.- Crow?
divya,divyaka.- Little Green Bee-eater Meropsorientalis
divàndha,divàbhita.- Owl (adnoun)
divàndha.- Bay Owl
drona,dronakàka.- Crow, Jackdaw
dundula,dundulaksudroluka.- A small owl
durbala,durbalika.- swallow
durbala,durbalika.- Swift (coll.)
durbalika.- Swift
durgà.- A blue magpie Urocissa
durgà.- Unidentified (but prob. not the Blue Rock-Thrush as of Dave)
dvanksa (see dhvàksà)
dvimukhabhàranda.- Dodo Raphuscucullatus (Dave: 399)
dvàrabalibhuk,dàrabalibhuk.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
dvipya.- Synonym for a crow (in some lexicons)
dyuka*.- Owl ð5.18.2.
dàruna.- Woodpecker ("having a powerful call")
dàrvàghàta.- Woodpecker ("tree rattler")
dàtyauha.- Barn Owl Tytoalba
dàtyuha.- See Dave: 293-297
dàtyukha = atyukha
didivi.- Brown-headed Halcyoncapensis (the shining one)
diglighodà.- Wagtail Motacillaalba
dipakatittira.- A sandgrouse? (tittira = francolin)
dirghakandharà.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber
dirghanàda.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
dirghapàda-kanka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
dirghapàda.- Storks and herons
dirghasira.- Stone-Curlew Burhinusoedicnemus
duti.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
ekaputraka.- Swift ("having one egg")
gaddha* (Pali).- Vulture (Marathi gida, Hindi gidh)
gairikalàva.- Jungle Bush Quail Perdiculaasiatica
galakukkubhas*.- Heron
galeganda-kanka.- Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
galeganda.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
galesundabhàranda.- Greater Greater Adjutant StorkLeptopilos dubius (Dave: 399)
galà-pàd*.- Goose
gandharva.- The Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculuscanorus
gangàcilli.- Black-headed Gull Larusridibundus
garag*.- Crow
gardava.*- Vulture (= grdhra?)
garuda,garûdha.- A mythical bird ð3.2.28.
gauratittira.- Black Francolin (or Partridge) Francolinusfrancolinus
gaurikà.- Black-headed Starling (buff-coloured)
gayati*.- Cock
ghargharaka.- Garganey Anasquerquedula and Barn Owl Tytoalba
ghodaka.- Unidentified
ghonka.- A kind of bird (Open-billed Stork?)
ghoradarsana.- Eagle Owl Bubobubo (adnoun: terrible looking)
ghughu-krk*,ghughu-krt*.- Turtle-Dove Streptopelia
ghuka*.- Owl, cf. Hindi ghughu
girisàla.- A bird of prey
girivartaka.- Mountain Quail Ophrysiasuperciliosa (an extinct species)
gobaka.- Cattle Egret Egrettaibis ("of the cattle")
gobaragidha.- Egyptian Vulture Neophronpercnopterus(Hindigidhð7.11.
gobhandira = bhandira
godsvedaka.- Great Indian Bustard Choriotisnigriceps
gokiràti,gokkiràtikà.- A babbler or the Mynah Acridotheres gingianus
golattikà.- A wagtail
golàta, kairàka.- Malkoha Rhopodytestristis or Sirkeer Cuckoo Taccocualeschenaultii
gomenaka.- A black and long-tailed bird (Wire-tail Swallow?, drongo ?)
gomàyu.- A noisy bird, the same as srgàla
gonandi = gonarda
gonarda.- Attributed to the Sarus Crane Grusantigone and (by Dave) to the Great Indian Bustard Choriotisnigriceps
gopa,gopita,gopàputra,gopitilaka.- Yellow Wagtail (frequents cattle)
gopreraka.- Epithet for the Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis (because its association with cattle)
goranku*.- A water bird
gosthakukkuta,gosthacara.- Egyptian Vulture Neophronpercnopterus
govatsà.- Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotusleucotis
grdhra.- vulture ("gluttonous")
grhakulinga.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus
grhakàka.- House Crow Corvussplendens
grhakàri.- A kind of bird
grhanida.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus (an adnoun)
grsta kanka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
gràmacataka.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus
gràmacataka.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus
gràminakàka.- (Of the lexicons) House Crow Corvussplendens
gurukantha.- Adnoun for the Great Indian Bustard Choriotisnigriceps
gudhanida.- Wagtail? (adnoun)
halimukha.- (Prakrit) Avocet Recurvirostraavocetta
hamsapatha*.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber
hamsa,hansa.- Cf. Gupta, C.S., 1962, Knowledge concerning "hamsa" a goose?) in the works of Kàlidàsà. Proc.FirstAll-IndiaCongressofZool., 1959, part. 2: 50 - 71 (Zool. Soc. of India, Calcutta)
hamsa.- Swan
hamsaka.- Duck (coll.)
hamsavàja*.- Gyrfalcon
hans*,hasa*,hasi*,asi*.- Goose, cf. Hindi hans "goose"
hansaka.- Flamingo
hàputrikà.- A kind of plover, see visvakà
hàridrava.- Golden Oriole? Oriolusoriolus
hari,harina.- Adnoun for a goose
hàritakapota.- Emerald Dove Chalcophapsindica
haridrava*.- Golden Plover Charadriusapricarius
harilocana.- Owl (adnoun)
haritahamsa.- Cotton Teal Nettapuscoromandelianus
harita,haritaka, haritàla,hàridraka,hàridranga.- Green pigeon, genus Treron or Emerald Cuckoo Chalcitesmaculatus (green)
hasa*,hasi* = hansa
hastilinga.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius (Dave: 399)
hemaka,hemakartr.- Crimson-breasted Barbet Megalaimahaemacephala ("goldsmith", from its calls)
hematunda.- "Red-billed", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
hilla*.- Bank Mynah Acridotheresgingianus
hima-tittira,sima-tittira.- Attributed to the Woodcock by Dave but it very likely is a name for a high mountain gallinaceous bird, perhaps the Blood-Pheasant Ithaginiscruentus (the name means "snow francolin"
hohalikà.- A babbler
ilvala,illala.- A kind of bird
indràbha.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimnpeyanus ("having the colours of the rainbow")
indràbha.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimpeyanus
isvarapriya = sankarapriya
jàjasàrasa.- Peacock Pavocristatus
jàlapàdakàrandava.- Black Coot Fulicaatra
jahí-stambaH*.- wagtail
jala-kapota,jala-pàràvata.- Attributed to the Jassana Hydrophasianuschirurgicus but certainly wrongly
jala-kukkuti.- A small water-bird, pratincole?
jala-sikhandin.- Pheasant-tailed Jassana Hydrophasianuschirurgicus
jalakukkubha.- Watercock Gallicrexcinerea
jalakukkuta.- White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornisphoenicurus
jalakàka.- Cormorant (coll.) "water-crow"
jalamadgu.- A kingfisher ("diver" - Dave)
jalaramkudàtyuha.- Purple Swamphen Porphyrioporphyrio
jalaranka.- Sandpipers and stints (coll.)
jalasimha.- Pelican (coll.)
jalasuci.- Grey Heron Ardeacinerea
jalavartikà.- Quail
jàñgala.- Grey Francolin (or Partridge) Francolinus pondicerianus
jànta,jànta sàrika.- Jungle Mynah Acridotheresfuscus
jarità,jaritàri.- Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornisathertoni (Dave)
jatàyu.- Bearded Vulture Gypaetusbarbatus ("possessing a tuft of hair")
jàvala.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
jirvi.- Swift (coll.) "speedy"
jivañjivaka.- Burmese Peacock Pheasant Polyplectronbicalcaratum
jura*.- A hunting hawk
jyesthabalàkà.- Great Egret Ardeaalba
kàcàksamatsyaranka.- Pied Kingfisher Cerylerudis
kàcàksa.- Pied Kingfisher Cerylerudis
kàcàksabaka.- Painted Stork Mycterialeucocephala
kàdamba.- Bar-headed Goose Anserindicus (= kalahamsa)
kàdambari.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
kàga*.- Crow
kahva*.- Egret (?)
kàhala.- Cheer Pheasant Catreuswallichii
kairàta = golàta
kàka,kàkala,kàkola.- crow
kàkacchadi-khanjana.- A wagtail
kàkapusta.- The Koel (parasitises the crow - kàka)
kàkàri.- Owl and crow (acoust.)
kàkaruka.- A kind of owl
kakavàku.- Peacock, Pavocristatus, see kekin
kakkataka.- Stork-billed Kingfisher
kakubha.- Chukar Partridge Alectorisgraecachukar (cf. Greek kakkabis); also attributed to the the Coucal Centropusbengalensis
kakutthaka.- (Pali) Hoopoe Upupaepops from its rounded crest ð4.1.9.
kalahamsa.- Bar-headed Goose Anserindicus
kàla.- Cinereous Vulture Aegypiusmonachus
kàlacataka.- Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis or other black birds
kalàdhika*.- Cock
kalaja.- Kalij Pheasant Lophuraleucomelana;kalij is from kalaja
kàlajña.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus ("announcing the morning hour")
kàlaka.- A kind of vàja, "long and black", the Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis (from kàla "black")
kàlakavàja.- Gyrfalcon? Falcorusticolus (imported)
kalakankuh*.- "Partridge"
kalakantha.- Cuckoo Cuculuscanorus
kàlakantha,kàlakuta, kàlavinka,karavika.- (epithets) Shama and Magpie Robin Copsychussaularis
kalankura*.- Heron
kalapànavika.- Stone-Curlew Burhinusoedicnemus
kàlàpiddà.- Stone Chat Saxicolatorquata
kalapin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus, (from the large number of tail feathers)
kàlaprsthakanka.- Brahminy Kite
kàlapucchacataka.- a bullfinch?
kalarava*.- Pigeon
kàlasura*.- Cock
kalavinka.- "Song sparrow" = a small songbird
kàlika*.- Name attributed to curlew, crow, heron and to the Shama Copsychusindicus
kalinga,kulinga.- Black Drongo Dicrurusadsimilis "Having bad or wicked characteristics", so named because of its pugnacity
kalingaka.- House Sparrow
kàmacàri.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus (an adnoun)
kamala.- Purple Swamphen Porphyrioporphyrio
kamanacchadakanka.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
kàmimjula.- A water-bird
kàmuka.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus (adnoun)
kàna*.- Crow ð5.8.5.
kàna-kapota.- Red-collared Dove Streptopeliatranquebarica
kàncana.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus
kanculah*.- "Partridge"
kandalaka,kandagalaka.- A nuthatch.
kandali.- Velvet-fronted Nuthatch?
kanjaka,kanjana.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
kanka.- Heron, cf. Bengali kànk (imit.). Attributed to the Pallas's Fishing Eagle by Dave; see also next name and kankeru
kankabaka.- Night Heron Nycticoraxnycticorax
kankala*.- Wagtail ð6.3.12.
kankeru.- Purple Heron Ardeapurpurea
kàntapakSin*.- Unidentified
kanthàgni.- Bush-Lark
kanthanidaka.- Kestrel? Falcotinnunculus
kanthavàla,kanthapàla.- Ruff Philomachuspugnax
kànuka.- "A small duck, cock, crow, goose", cf. kan "to sound" ð5.8.5.
kapardika.- Pied Kingfisher Cerylerudis
kapeksuka.- A bird of augury
kapingalas*.- Cuckoo
kapiñjala.- Grey Francolin (or Partridge) Francolinuspondicerianus
kaportaris*.- A bird of prey (i.e. pigeon catcher, cf. kapota "pigeon")
kapotaki,podaki.- Black-backed Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata
kapóta.- Pigeon ð3.4.16.1.
karaghah*.- Crow
karaka.- cf. Persian kalagh "magpie"
karàlaphàlabaka.- Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchusasiaticus
kàrandava.- Duck (coll.) or Goosander Mergusmerganser
karata.- (By poets) crow
karatu*,karètu* = karkata
kàrava*.- Crow
karàyakà*,karàyika.- A crane, cf. karkata; attributed to the Cattle Egret Egrettaibis by Dave
karburànga.- The Golden-backed Woodpecker (rànga = "variegated" and "gold")
karkanas*.- A gallinaceous bird, see krkara
karkaretu,karkaratuka.- Demoiselle Crane Grusvirgo, cf. Hindi karkarà
karkaràSka*.- "Wagtail" = Magpie Picapica cf. Kurdish qarqara id.
karkarètu*,karkaratuka*.- Demoiselle Crane Grusvirgo, cf. Hindi karkarà
karkata,karkataka.- Brown-headed Halcyoncapensis (feeds on crabs)
karkataskandha-kanka.- Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
karkataskandha.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
karnatrika.- Koklas Pheasant (Dave: 277)
karnavàlavañjula.- Black-necked Grebe Podicepsnigricollis
kàsiha.- (Prakrit) pelican (coll.)
kasikà,kàsikà,kasikàni.- Avocet Recurvirostraavocetta
kàsthakutta.- woodpecker
kàsthasuka.- Rose-ringed Parakeet
katapru.- Epithet for an owl
kathàhaka.- Black Ibis Pseudibispapillosa
kathàku,kuthàku,kathàru.- Hoopoe Upupaepops
katukvàna.- Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus, Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellusmalabaricus and Spur-winged Plover Vanellusspinosus (from their harsh cries) - Dave. Also attributed to the Bronze-winged Jassana Metopidiusindicus
kaucika.- A hooting owl
kaulika.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus
kausika,kausikàri.- Owl
kavà*.- Crow, cf. Bengali kavà
kavàka.- A nuthatch
kavàra*.- Glossy Ibis Plegadisfalcinellus
kavari.- Black-headed Starling Sturnuspagodarum
kàvrka.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus; also "cock".
kàyamdhua,kàyamcula = kàmimjula
kekin*,kekavàla*.- Peacock Pavocristatus; kekà "cry of the peacock" ð5.13.1.
kesari.- Pelican (coll.)
khabhràntih.- Kestrel Falcotinnunculus (Dave)
khajàka.- A kind of bird (Shoveller? Anasclypeata)
khanjana,khanjanàkrti.- Wagtail, 313 ð6.3.8.
khañjanikà.- Common Sandpiper Tringahypoleucos (wags its tail like the khanjana, the Wagtail)
khanjari takhanjakheta.- Wagtail, 313 ð6.3.8.
khara*.- Crow, heron, Barn Owl Tytoalba (three species having a raucous voice) ð5.2.11.
khara-kanka.- Pallas' Sea Eagle? Haliaeetusleucoryphus ("noisy")
khara-krauñca.- Demoiselle Crane Grusvirgo
kharakvana*.- A Francolin? ð5.2.11.
kharapiddà.- White-tailed Bush Chat Saxicolatorquata
kharapriya*.- Pigeon
kharasabdautkrosa.- Gull, genus Larus
kharasabda*.- A large raptor (but see preceding name)
khardSala*.- A clamorous bird
khargalà.- (Rgveda) Spotted Owlet Athenebrama (noisy)
khàtahamsa.- Shoveller Anasclypeata
khatvànga.- Great Hornbill Bucerosbicornis
khemenkari*.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
khilakhila,khilakhilla.- Bengal Florican Houbaropsisbengalensis
kicaka.- Bamboo and a kind of bird (piculet)
kiki,kikis,kikidiva,kikidivi.- Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis or a kingfisher
kiki,kikivi,kikivika,kikisakuna.- Brown-headed Halcyoncapensis (very noisy)
kinkira.- A cuckoo, a parrot
kinkiràta.- Sirkeer Cuckoo Taccocualeschenaultii (Dave)
kiñkira.- Red-winged Crested Cuckoo Clamatorcoromandus (Dave)
kira.- Parrot (coll.)
kirsa.- Little Green Bee-eater Meropsorientalis
koka*.- Attributed to the Ruddy Shelduck Tadornaferruginea, cuckoo and frog.
kokathu,kokadeva.- Pin-tailed Green Pigeon Treronapicauda
koka*.- Attributed to owl, Ruddy Shelduck, and frog
kokan*.- Owl ð4.1.1.
kókas*,kokila*,kokite*.- Cuckoo, cf. Bengali kokol, Hindi kokil
kolapuccha-kanka.- Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
kolapuccha.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
konàlaka.- Kalij Pheasant Lophuraleucomelana
konàlaka.- Watercock?
kopi.- Pheasant-tailed Jassana Hydrophasianuschirurgicus
kottha,kotthasàtaka.- (Pali) woodpecker
koyasti.- A lapwing or jassana Metopidiusindicus ("having legs like a stick")
koyista.- Pond Heron Ardeolagrayii and Little Egret Egrettagarzetta (from their crest)
krakara.- Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pteroclesorientalis
krakarah*.- "Heron"
krandana.- The Coucal Centropusbengalensis
krauñca.- Common Crane Grusgrus
krdakantha.- Adnoun for the Little Bustard Tetraxtetrax
krkadaçu*.- (Vedic) cock
krkala,krkana,krakana.- A sandgrouse; see krakala
krkalica*.- Unidentified
krkàlikà.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
krkalàsaka.- A bird of prey
krkara*.-"Partridge", see krakara and krkala
krkasà.- The Ibis-bill fide Dave
krkavàku,kerkavakus.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety), also "cockerel, peacock"; skr. vac "to cry"
krkavàkuh
krsa.- swallow
krsacancu-kanka.- Grey Heron Ardeacinerea
krsacañcu.- Epithet for heron ("having a thin pointed bill")
krsakuta.- Himalayan Tree-pie Dendrocittaformosae
krsnacuda.- Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotuscafer
krsnagriva.- Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchusasiaticus
krsnakàka.- Jungle Crow
krsnakàrandava.- Black Coot Fulicaatra
krsnapaksi.- Black-backed Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata
krsnapecaka.- Brown Hawk-Owl
krsnasakuna.- (Veda) a raven or a vulture
krsnatittira = gauratittira
krsnottamànga.- Blossom-headed Parakeet
krsnà-jalakukkuti.- Moorhen Gallinulachloropus
krsnàmgasuka.- Blossom-headed Parakeet
krun,krunc,kruñca,karunca.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber (Dave) ð4.2.3.. Also attributed to the Curlew Numeniusarquata and to "ossifraga"
kruravin*.- Crow
krura-kàlaprstha-kanka.- Pallas' Sea Eagle Haliaetus leucoryphus ("noisy")
kruraràvi, kruraràvin.- (adnoun) Bay Owl ("having atrocious calls")
ksatraka.- Pied Kingfisher Cerylerudis
ksayihamsa.- Marbled Teal Marmaronettaangustirostris
ksemankari.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
ksipracala.- Indian Courser Cursoriuscoromandelicus
ksiprasyena.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
ksiràksa.- Swan ("whose food is milk")
ksudhragrdhri.- Black Kite Milvusmigrans
ksudravalguli.- "Little sweet-voiced bird" (titmouse?)
ksudrahamsa.- Duck (coll.)
kuhi*.- Shahin Falcon
kuhuka,kuhurava,kuhukantha,kuhumukha.- The Koel Eudanymisscolopacea (from its loud call, cf. Sinhala kohà)
kukkubha.- Jungle Fowl Gallusgallusð4.1.9. (attributed to the Lesser Coucal Centropusbengalensis by Dave) , see kukkuta
kukkuta.- Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus and crested pheasants (Monal, Koklas and Cheer) ð4.1.9.
kukkutaka.- Red Spurfowl? Galloperdixspadicea (Dave: 281)
kulavàri.- Banded Crake
kulika*.- Unidentified
kulinga.- See kalinga
kulingakà.- sparrow hawk Accipiter
kulàla*.- Attributed to "owl" and "pheasant"
kuliraka.- (Pali) Brown-headed Halcyoncapensis
kumbha.- The Coucal Centropusbengalensis
kumbholuka.- Owl (from the roundish head)
kumkuma-dhumrakapota.- Eastern Turtle-Dove Streptopeliaorientalis
kumuda.- A bird of prey (also "water lily")
kumàra.- A mythical raptor
kumàrakah.- Bustard-Quail Turnixsuscitator
kumàri.- The White-rumped Shama, Copsychusmalabaricus
kunapi.- Pied Starling Sturnuscontra
kunàla.- Painted Snipe? Rostratula
kundali.- Red-headed Vulture Aegypiuscalvus
kunih.- Bustard-Quail Turnixsuscitator
kunkumacudaka.- Red-headed Laughing-thrush Garrulaxerythrocephalus
kurala*.- Pallas' Sea Eagle Haliaaetusleucoryphus, cf. Bengali koral, Sindhi kuralbaaz
kurankara*.- Common Crane, cf. Persian quleng, Deccan kulang
kurantaka.- Great Indian Bustard Choriotisnigriceps
kurara.- Attributed to Osprey Pandionhaliaetus and Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo, both by Dave; Sinhala kura
kurala*.- See kurara.
kurari.- Tern, genus Sterna
kuravaka.- Himalayan Tree-pie Dendrocittaformosa or a babbler (Garrulax)
kurkuta*,kurdkubha* = kukkubha
kurma*.- Turtle-Dove
kurubàhu.- A kind of bird
kutaru.- Owl
kuthàku = kathàku
kuthàku.- Hoopoe
kutitittira.- Swamp Francolin? Francolinusgularis
kuvaya.- Owl
kuvi.- Barn Owl Tytoalba
kvayi.- Owl
laba*.- "Quail"
lagaru*.- Laggar Falcon
lagnah.- Lagger Falcon Falcojugger
lakSanà*.- Sarus Crane Grusantigone
lambarkanah*.- Falcon ("having hanging ears", from the black patches on the sides of the head)
langana.- Kestrel? Falcotinnunculus
latukikà.- Red Munia? Amandavamandava
latusaka.- Unidentified
latvà.- "A pecking bird", White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotusleucogenys or Fan-tail Flycatcher Rhipiduraalbicollis
latvàkà.- Red Munia Amandavaamandava
loha,lohapaksi,lohaprstha.- Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus (Dave)
lohandi,lohandisakuni.- Kestrel Falcotinnunculus - not from its "red" eggs (they are brown) but from its rufous plumage
lohaprsthakanka.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
lohitàksah*.- Red-faced Malkoha Phaenicophaeuspyrrhocephalus ("red eye", from its red, bare skin around the eye)
lopà.- Button-Quail, genus Turnix
lor*.- Common Quail Coturnixcoturnix, cf. Armenian lor.
làlasira,làlacomca.- Red-crested Pochard Nettarufina
làva.- Jungle Bush Quail Perdiculaasiatica (cf. Hindi lowwa)
madanasàrika.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
madaràgakukkuta.- Kalij Pheasant Lophuraleucomelana
madgu.- Darter Anhingaanhinga
madhughosa.- The Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculuscanorus
madhuhà.- Honey Buzzard Pernisapivorus
madhukhara,madhupakhara.- Purple Sunbird Nectariniaasiatica (nectar bird)
madhuparka.- A mythical raptor, progeny of Garuda
madhusàrikà,madhusàliya.- Rosy Pastor Sturnusroseus
madhyamavesara.- Crested Goshawk Accipitertrivirgatus
madira*.- Wagtail
mahà-cañcubaka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
mahà-svetà.- Great Egret Ardeaalba
mahàkavsika,mahàpaksi.- Owl (adnoun)
mahàmayura.- Peacock Pavocristatus
mahàpaksi,mahàkausika.- Eagle-Owl Bubobubo
mahàpaksi, mahàplava.- Pelican (coll.)
mahàràvana*.- "King of the vàjas"
mahàràvana.- Gyrfalcon? Falcorusticolus (imported)
mahàutkrosa.- An eagle
mahàvira*.- A falcon
mahàvira,mahàsuparna,mahàmuktaka.- Golden Eagle Aquilachrysaetos
màhesvara.- Burmese Peacock Pheasant Polyplectronbicalcaratum
màjala.- Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis "frequenting dry places"
majjikà.- Diving ducks (Dave). Also attributed to the Sarus Crane Grusantigone
màlàya.- Serpent Eagle Spilornischeela
màlika.- Tufted Duck Aythyafuligula
malina.- Young swan ("of a dark colour")
mallika,mallikàkhya.- Mute Swan Cygnusolor ("white like the jasmine flower")
manicaka.- River Kingfisher Alcedoatthis ("shining like a jewel" - Dave)
mànika*.- A kind of vesàra (see next name)
mànikavesara.- Crested Goshawk Accipitertrivirgatus
manikantha.- "Blue-throated", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
manikantha.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
manitundakalavinka.- Blackbird Turdusboulboul
manitunda.- The Coral-billed Scimitar Babbler or the Grey-winged Blackbird Turdusboulboul
manitundaka.- Goosander Mergusmerganser
mañjuladàtyuha.- Purple Swamphen Porphyrioporphyrio
manusyavadanabhàaranda.- Bearded Vulture Gypaetusbarbatus
màraka*.- A raptor
marjiya*.- A diving bird ð10.11.1.
markata,markata-kanka.- Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
marubaka.- "A kind of crane" = a bustard
marula*.- An owl
maràla*.- A goose, cf. Hindi (Nepal terai) mogàla,Anseranser; cf. also varàla. Also attributed to a swan (young in brown plumage) by Dave
masàka*.- Crow
màtrnindaka.- Hornbill (coll.)
matsya-ranka,matsya-ranga.- Pied Kingfisher Cerylerudis ("dancing for fish" - Dave) from its habit of hovering over the water
matsyanàsana-kurara.- Osprey Pandionhaliaetus
matsyaranka.- Osprey Pandionhaliaetus
maudgali.- A crow (from gali a kind of pulse-grain)
maukuli.- Jungle Crow Corvusmacrorhynchos
mayuracataka.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
mayura.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("petty")
mayuraka,mayurakukkuta.- Himalayan Monal Lophophorusimpeyanus ("resembling a peacock")
medhàvi,medhàvini.- A parrot or Mynah
meghànandà.- Attributed to the Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber by Dave, but see next name
meghanandin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("rejoicing at the sight of clouds)
megharàva.- White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornisphoenicurus
mina-ranka.- A kingfisher ("greedy of fish" - Dave)
mrga*.- Bird, fowl ð3.6.19.
mrnàlakantha.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber
mrsàdhyàyi.- Herons
muguhà.- Peacock
nàgàsi.- A serpent eagle
nahih.- Sand Martin? ("nest")
nakhàsi.- Owl (adnoun)
naktakrauñca.- Night Heron Nycticoraxnycticorax
naktamcara.- Owl (adnoun)
nandimukha.- Comb Duck Sarkidiornismelanotos
naptrkà.- Nightjar?
nàrikelàkrti.- (Epithet) a variety of domestic fowl
nàsàcchina.- Comb Duck Sarkidiornismelanotos
nasàkakàka.- Rook Corvusfrugilegus
natyuha.- White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornisphoenicurus
nilakapota.- Rock Pigeon Columbalivia
nilakrauñca.- Grey Heron Ardeacinerea
nilacchadasyena.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
nilacchavi.- Fairy Bluebird Irenapuella
nilagriva.- "Blue-collared", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
nilagrivaka.- Mallard Anasplatyrhyncos
nilakanthasàrasa,nilaskandhakrauñca.- Black-necked Crane Grusnigricollis
nilakantha.- "Blue-throated", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis and the Peacock Pavocristatus
nilakanthi.- Bluethroat Erithacussvecicus
nilapiccha.- "Black-tailed hawk" (see nilacchadasyena)
nilàksa.- A swan
nilànga-sàrasa.- Demoiselle Crane Grusvirgo
nilànga.- "Blue-bodied", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
nilàsyakàka.- Hooded Crow Corvuscoronesharpii
nisaita,nisaida.- Night Heron Nycticoraxnycticorax
nisàkara.- A fishing eagle Ichthyophaga
ntha*.- Cuckoo (incomplete word?)
pabbâiyà.- (Prakrit) Black-headed Starling Sturnuspagodarum
padeka.- An epithet for a trained hawk
padmapuspa.- Indian Pitta (shaped like a lotus flower bud, on account of its short tail)
pàka.- A kind of owl (also "fright")
pàkahamsa.- Mute Swan Cygnusolor
paksa-bindu.- Black Ibis Pseudibispapillosa
paksagupta.- Leafbird Chloropsis
paksakalikà.- Hobby? Falcosubbuteo (see Dave: 231)
pakSin*.- Bird ð7.12.1.
pakšinàm pošàkah*.- A trainer of hunting hawks
pal*,pil*.- A raptor
palàsa.- Koklas Pheasant Pucrasiamacrolopha
pàlonka.- A trained hawk
pamkticara-kurara.- Demoiselle Crane Grusvirgo
pampakà.- A certain bird
pamsula (?).- Cuckoo ("libertine") coll., on account of their polygyny
pancamakàka.- Jackdaw Corvusmonedula
pankajit.- Osprey Pandionhaliaetus or Fishing eagles Ichthyophaga
pankkira.- Sandpipers, genus Calidris (pecking in the mud)
pàmsulalàva.- Rock Bush Quail Perdiculaargoondah
pànavika = kalapànavika
pàndaragrdhra.- Himalayan Griffon Gypshimalayensis
pàndavika,pàndusyûà.- (Epithets) Blue Rock-Thrush Monticolasolitarius
pàndu,pàndukapota.- Ring Dove Streptopeliadecaocto
pàniyakàkikà.- Cormorant (coll.)
parabhrt,parapusta.- The Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculuscanorus
parakata*.- Heron
parasni.- Spotted Munia Lonchurapunctulata (from parusa "spotted")
pàràvata.- Pigeon
pàriplava.- White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornisphoenicurus
pàrnaka.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
pàrusna.- Common Starling Sturnusvulgaris
parvatakàka.- A Himalayan crow
paryantikà.- Black Bulbul Hypsipetesmadagascariensis
paràvatakapóta*.- Rock Pigeon Columbalivia
patakapota.- Green Imperial Pigeon Duculaaenea
paticañsusuka.- Slaty-headed Parakeet
patravàrdhrinasa.- Grey Hornbill Tockusbirostris
patra*,patran*, patrin*.- A bird of prey ð6.4.2.
patragupta.- Leafbird Chloropsis
patrasuka.- Indian Lorikeet Loriculusvernalis
patràti.- Glossy Ibis Plegadisfalcinellus
paundrakalàva.- Button-Quail, genus Turnix
peca govatsà.- White-cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotusleucogenys
peca,pecaka.- A hooting owl
peca.- Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotuscafer
pecaka.- Owl
phalapriya.- Synonym for a crow (in some lexicons)
phàlakhelà.- (Frequenting cultivated land) Quail Coturnixcoturnix or Skylark
phenca.- Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotuscafer
phingata*,phingakas*.- A Drongo Dicrurus sp.
phuka*.- Bird ð7.12.1.
picula.- "A kind of water crow" (White Ibis according to Dave)
pidari.- A small bird
pidvà.- Stone Chat Saxicolatorquata
pika*,piki*.- Indian Koel Eudynamisscolopacea
pikànga.- cuckoo-shrike? See pikà
pil* = pal
pilaga,pipiliya.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus
pimgalikà.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
pinga,pika.- Sandpipers and stints (coll.), from their piping notes
pinga,pingalà.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
pingacaksu,pingeksana.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
pingalakhaga.- Painted Stork Mycterialeucocephala
pingalikà.- Cattle Egret Egrettaibis
pippaka*.- A song bird ð5.23.11.
pippala.- A kind of bird, see pippaka
piridi,pirilà.- (Prakrit) White-throated Munia
pirili,pirili.- A munia
pitabhadrasuka.- Red-breasted Parakeet
pitamundakalavinka.- Streaked Wever Ploceusmanyar
pitamundakalavina.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus
pitanetrà,pitapàdà.- Hill Grackle (adnouns)
pitapàda.- Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus and Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus (from their yellow legs)
pitavarnasuka.- Red-breasted Parakeet
piyu*.- "Crow" pitavarnasuka.- Red-breasted Parakeet
piyu*.- "Crow"
plava.- Pelican, cormorant and Black Coot Fulicaatra
poài.- (Prakrit) Black-backed Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata
potiyaka.- see putini
pracalakin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus; allusion to the trembling movement of the tail during the parade
pràjika.- Hawk (coll.)
pràkàràkarna-uluka.- Eagle-Owl or Fish Owl (Bubo)
pràsthika.- Swan
pratisthànà*.- A kind of vàsa, see next name
pratisthànavàji.- Japanese Sparrow Hawk Accipitergularis ?
pràvarakarna,pràkàrakarna.- Owl with spread out ear-tufts
prevàlapàda.- Black-winged Stilt
priyadarsana.- Parrot (coll.), an adnoun
priyaka.- Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculuslugubris
priyàpathyakanka.- Brahminy Kite
priyàpatya-kanka.- Pallas' Sea Eagle Haliaeetusleucoryphus
pucchin*.- Chicken ð9.6.
pulikà.- Ashy-headed Starling Sturnusmalabaricus (also kulika)
pumskokila.- The Eurasian Cuckoo Cuculuscanorus
pundarika.- Pelican (coll.)
pundarikàksa.- White-eyed Buzzard-Eagle Butasturteesa
purallikà.- Ashy-Wren-Warbler? (Pali parallika)
puskaràhva.- Great White Crane Grusleucogeranus
puspa-bhusi.- Spotted Munia Lonchurapunctulata
puspasakuna.- Tragopan (Dave: 281)
putini.- Tailorbird Orthotomussutorius from its habit of placing its nest in leaves stitched up together
putrapriya.- Hoopoe Upupaepops
puttaka,potaka.- (Pali and Prakrit) Young bird or animal, little child ð9.3.1.
puttaka.- (Pali) a young bird
puttikà,putrikà.- A munia
ràjabattika*,ràjahansa*.- Grey Lag-Goose Anseranser
ràjabhattikà,ràjaputrikà.- A plover, genus Charadrius
ràjahamsa.- Swan
ràjasuka.- Large Indian Parakeet Psittaculaeupatria
ràjiva.- Purple Swamphen Porphyrioporphyrio
rajjuvàla,rajjudàlaka.- Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphoneparadisi
rakkasirsakalavinka.- Rose-Finch Carpodacus
rakta-tunda.- Parrot (coll.), an adnoun
raktadrona.- Brown-necked Raven Corvusruficollis
raktakanthakapota.- Emerald Dove Chalcophapsindica
raktakantha.- A small song-bird.
raktamastakalaksmana.- Sarus Crane Grusantigone
raktanàsika.- Adnoun for an owl (refers to the horn-coloured bill)
raktapàda,raktapàdatundsa.- White Stork Ciconiaciconia
raktasirsakalavinka.- A rose finch
raktavartmaka,raktavartma.- Kalij Lophuraleucomelanaand Cheer Pheasant Catreuswallichii (having red orbital skin)
raktàksahamsa.- White-winged Wood Duck Cairinascutulata
raktànga.- Red-headed Vulture Aegypiuscalvus
raktàsirsaka.- Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessacaryophyllacea (an extinct species)
ranganasyena.- Kestrel
rangapuriyà.- Diving ducks
ranàlankaranakanka.- Brahminy Kite Haliasturindus
ravana*,ravatha*.- Indian Koel Eudynamisscolopacea
ravihamsa.- Indian Whistling Duck Dendrocygnajavanica
rjipya.- A large raptor
rohinika.- Green-winged Teal Anascrecca
ropanàkà.- Hill Mynah, on account of its wattles
rtuyusti.- A kind of bird
rucakakapota,rucakapàràvata.- Wood Pigeon Columbapalumbus
rudhata*.- Cock
rukkhakottaka.- (Pali) woodpecker
ruvathu*.- Cock ("noisy" ð5.2.54.)
sabalikà.- A bird of augury (bird of prey)
sàcihamsa.- Garganey Anascrecca
sàdvali.- Bengal Florican Houbaropsisbengalensis
sadamarta*.- Wagtail ("ceaselessly dancing") ð6.3.10.
sadàlutà.- Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus and Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellusmalabaricus (from their scar-like wattles)
sakatàra.- A vulture see sakuna
sakavah*.- "Goose"
sakavu.- "Goose"
sakunagrdhra.- Long-billed Vulture Gypsindicus
sakuna*, sakunah, sakuni*,sakunta,sakunka*.- A vulture, cf. Bengali saku "vulture" ð12.3.. Used with an adjective, sàkuneya.- Spotted Owlet Athenebrama
sakuna designates several smaller birds
sakunta.- Egyptian Vulture Neophronpercnopterus
sakuntikà.- Unidentified
sakà*.- A bird
sàlvika.- Pied Starling Sturnuscontra
samdamsavadena-kanka.- Grey Heron Ardeacinerea
sampàti.- Long-billed Vulture Gypsindicus
samudrakàka.- Gull (coll.)
sañcàna,sañcàna-vàji.- Shikra Hawk Accipiterbadius
sandrakin*.- Peacock Pavocristatus ("having eyes on the tail")
sankarapriya.- Hill Partridge genus Arborophila
sankarà.- Black-headed Starling Sturnuspagodarum
sankhiniphala = bhandira
sankuhamsa.- Pin-tailed Duck Anasacuta
sàra*.- Attributed to "heron", "peacock" and "cuckoo" (see saràsa)
sarabha.- Pelican (coll.)
sarabhi.- Ashy-headed Starling Sturnusmalabaricus (from sàra "spotted")
sarala.- Cheer Pheasant Catreuswallichii (cf. Hindi harala)
saràli,saràli.- Indian Whistling Duck Dendrocygnajavanica (cf. Assam sorali, Bengal sharàl)
sàrangabaka.- Woolly-necked Stork Ciconiaepiscopus and Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchusasiaticus
sàranga.- Peacock Pavocristatus; Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax; Pied Crested Cuckoo Oxylophusjacobinus; synonym for a crow (in some lexicon) "variegated"
sarànih.- "Heron"
sàrapada,sirapàda.- Blood Pheasant? Ithaginiscruentus or Red Spurfowl Galloperdixspadicea (Dave: 281)
saràri,saràti,àti,àri.- Skimmer Rhynchopsalbicollis (Dave: 353)
sàras, sàrasa,susvarasàrasa.- Sarus Crane Grusantigone, cf. Hindi sàrus
sàrdulà.- Pelican (coll.)
sàrga,sàrnga.- Bee-eater (coll.), "bow-shaped"
sàri, sàrki sàrikà,saràti*,saràdi*.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosað5.2.1.; also attributed to the Common Mynah Acridotheresgingianus and to the Common Starling Sturnusvulgaris (from sàra "spotted" ð3.2.49.)
sariddvipa.- Osprey Pandionhaliaetus or Fishing eagles Ichthyophaga
sàrisrkva.- Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Meropssuperciliosus (Dave)
sarpàri,sarpàta.- Serpent Eagle Spilornischeela
sarpàri.- Peacock Pavocristatus (serpent eater)
sarsapi.- A plover, genus Charadrius
SaSada*.- "Hare-hawk" (in falconry), the Goshawk = vàja
sasàda,sasaghni.- Hawk-eagle Spizaetus (cirrhatus or nipalensis), cf. next name
sasàdana*.- A falcon, cf. Marathi sasàna
sasoluka.- Long-eared Owl Asiootus
sasràtika.- White Ibis Threskiornismelanocephala
satapatra.- An epithet attributed to woodpecker, peacock and the LargeIndian Parakeet
sâtiva.- Peregrine Falcon Falcoperegrinus
satrapatrasuka.- Large Indian Parakeet Psittaculaeupatria
satvà.- A small crested bird (Yellow-cheeked Tit?); hindi satà "crest"
saunda.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
sevyakalavinka.- Red Munia amandavaamandava
sevya.- A sparrow-like bird
sicàna*.- A hunting hawk
sicàpu.- Nightjar Caprimulgus
sikàrà*.- A kind of vàsa; signifies hunting (hawk)
sikhari.- Jassana Metopidiusindicus, or a lapwing
sikhikukkuta.- Cheer Pheasant and Kalij Pheasant
sikhi,sikhin*, sikhavala,sikandin*,sikhandika*.- Peacock Pavocristatusð4.1.10.
siñjirikà.- Sunbird Nectarinia (refers to its jingling song)
simgila.- A weaverbird Ploceus
simhanàda.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
sitacchada.- Swan ("white-plumaged")
sitapaksini.- Black-backed Robin Saxicoloidesfulicata
sitàpànga.- Peacock Pavocristatus (from its white spot near the eye)
sithilahanu.- Open-billed Stork Anastomusoscitans
sitikaksagrdhra.- Oriental White-backed Vulture Gypsbengalensis
sitikantha.- A stork? (see Dave: 231)
skandhamallaka.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
skendhamallaka-kanka.- Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
smaralekhani*.- Bank Mynah Acridotheresgingianus
somabhojana.- A mythical raptor, progeny of Garuda
somatikà.- Magpies (coll.)
sphotikà.- Pipit
srgàla.- A noisy bird (Tawny Eagle? - Dave)
srjaya.- Unidentified
srika,srikantha.- Wagtail (Persian sarica)
srikarna.- A bulbul
srivadapaksi.- A song-bird, Magpie-Robin?
srivada.- Black-headed Sibia?
stambamitra.- European Bee-eater Meropsapiaster
stridattabalibhuk.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
sucimukha.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus
sucitraka.- Indian Pitta or Kingfisher ("beautifully painted")
suddhavesara.- Besra Sparrow Hawk Accipitervirgatus
sughra.- Baya Weaver Ploceusphilippinus
sugriva-kàncana.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus
suka.- Parrot (coll.), cf. Hindi suga
sukacchavikapota.- Emerald Dove Chalcophapsindica
sukari,sukarika,sukikà.- The Iora Aegithiniatiphia
suklakàka.- Albinos crow
sukta.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
suklakanthadàtyuha.- White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornisphoenicurus
suklàksa.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius
sukranga.- Peacock Pavocristatus
suksmàsyakàka.- Jackdaw Corvusmonedula
sumukhahamsa.- Mute Swan Cygnusolor (refers to the knob at the base of the bill)
sumukhakàrandava.- Black Coot Fulicaatra
sumukha-grdhra.- Red-headed Vulture Aegypiuscalvus
sunàrakalavinka.- Red Munia? Amandavaamandava
suparna.- Golden Oriole Oriolusoriolus (Also attrubuted to "Golden Eagle"
sulika.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
sura.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
suramà.- May be a name for the Ruff Philomachuspugnax ("warrior")
suranodbhuja.- Himalayan Monal? Lophophorusimpeyanus (Dave: 277)
sutrakanthakapota,. Ring Dove Streptopeliadecaocto
sutrakantha.- The young of the White Wagtail suvarnasurikà.- Rosy Pastor Sturnusroseus
suvarnavàyasa.- Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocoraxerythroramphus
suvarnapatra.- Golden Eagle Aquilachrysaetos
suvarnapuspa.- Sunbird Nectarinia and flowerpecker
svalpa.- A very small heron
svarabhangi.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
svarnacuda.- "Gold-headed", adjective for the Indian Roller Coraciasbengalensis
svarnasikha,svarnacula.- Sultan Tit? Parus melanochlora (Dave, p. 22)
svastika*.- Cock ("being fortunate")
svetapàràvata.- Snow Pigeon Columbaleuconota
svetacarana.- Indian Courser Cursoriuscoromandelicus
svetagarut.- Swan ("white winged")
svetakàka.- Albinos crow
svetamurdhan,svetamastakalaksmana.- Hooded Crane? Grusmonacha
svetoluka.- Barn Owl Tytoalba (refers to its white colour)
syainampàtà.- The art of falconry (Dave: 205)
syàmakantha.- A kind of small bird, Bluethroat?
syàmà.- The White-rumped Shama Copsychusmalabaricusð3.3.14.8.
syàvagrdhra.- Cinereous Vulture Aegypiusmonachus
syena*.- falcon
syenajivin*.- a falconer
syenapàtà*.- Hawking
syenoluka.- Eagle-Owl Bubobubo
syenàkhya-kurankura-sàrasa.- Great White Crane Grusleucogeranus
syenà.- Bird of prey (coll.), Persian Sàhin
syetàsàri.- Ashy-headed Starling Sturnusmalabaricus
tailapaka.- Common Starling Sturnusvulgaris ("oily", from its metallic plumage)
tàmasa,tàmroluka.- Bay Owl
tàpasa.- Herons
tambahamsa.- Indian Whistling Duck Dendrocygnajavanica
tàmracudakukkuta.- Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun: red-crested)
tàmravaktra.- Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (red-faced)
tandaka*.- Wagtail ("beater") ð6.3.8.
taraksu.- Cherrug Falcon Falcocherrug
tàrksya.- Golden Eagle Aquilachrysaetos
thuthukrt*.- Collared Dove Streptopeliadecaocto
tilaka kantaka.- Crested Lark Alaudacristata
tisti.- A shore bird
tittibha,tittibhaka.- Jassana Metopidiusindicus; also attributed (by Dave) to the Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus
tittira,tittiri,tàittira.- Black Francolin Francolinusfrancolinus, cf. Hindi tettiri (see No. 15, Span.)
trikeru.- Parrot (coll.)
trisamku.- Pied Crested Cuckoo Oxylophusjacobinus
trisankha.- Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantismerulinus
trnabarhin.- Bengal Florican Houbaropsisbengalensis
trnahamsa.- Cotton Teal Nettapuscoromandelianus
trotih*.- White Spoonbill Platalealeucorodia (litterally "bill")
tulikà,dulikà.-
tuntuka.- Tailorbird? Orthotomussutorius
tunà.- A hunting hawk
turumuti*.- Merlin
tusàrakapota.- Bar-tailed Cuckoo-Dove Macropygiaunchall
uddipaka-grdhra Red-headed Vulture Aegypiuscalvus
udratha.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
ukkrosa = utkrosa
ûluka,uruka.- Owl, cf. Bengali uluk, hindi ulàghð5.24.1.
umà.- Unidentified (see durgà)
upacakra = cakra
upcakra = cakora
uragàri,uragàsana.- Greater Adjutant Stork Leptopilosdubius(Dave) and Garuda
urdhvarkarna.- Owl with erect ear-tufts
urdhvakarnaluka.- Scops Owl ? Otus
usà-kalàh*,uSkala*.- Cock ("who sings at dawn")
utkrosa.- A gull, see khrasabda. Attributed erroneously to "a fishing eagle"
utkrosi-kurari.- Tern, genus Sterna
vaca.- A parrot
vahri*,vahari*.- Peregrin Falcon (Arabic bahari)
vailàtaka, vilàtà.- Crab Plover Dromasardeola (Dave)
vainateya.- Golden Eagle Aquilachrysaetos
vàja*,vàz*.- In falconry, = Arabic baz
vàja,vàji.- Goshawk Accipitergentilis
vàjaràja.- Crested Hawk-Eagle Spizaetuscirrhatus
vak*,vac* "Thrush" or "crane" ð5.7.
vàka.- Night Heron Nycticoraxnycticorax (imitative)
vàkarukà.- Green-backed Heron Butoridesstriatus
vàkkàra.- A babbler (Garrulax)
vakra-tunda.- Parrot (coll.), an adnoun
vakrànga.- Swan (after its long, flexible neck)
vanacataka.- A sparrow-like bird
vanakukkuta.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
vañjula,vañculaka.- Grebe (coll.); or "the Little Grebe Tachybaptusruficollis" (not the Dipper)
vanàsnaya*.- Crow
vànigda.- A babbler (Garrulax)
vàpiha.- Hawk Cuckoo Cuculusvarius
varacataka.- A rose finch
varahamsa.- Flamingo Phoenicopterusruber ("turmeric colour")
vàrana = vàrata
vàrata, varata, varàba, varalà*, vàrana.- Bengal Florican Houbaropsisbengalensis (Dave); also attributed to "goose"
vardhamànakapota.- Green Imperial Pigeon Duculaaenea
vàrdhrinasa.- Hornbill (coll.)
varengan*.- Unidentified
vàrikanka.- Heron (coll.)
varistha.- Epithet for the Himalayan Snowcock Tetraogallushimalayensis
varsapriya,varisàpriya.- Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantismerulinus
varsàhu.- Hawk-Cuckoo? Cuculusvarius
vartaka,vàrtaka,vartikà,. Common Quail Coturnixcoturnixð5.7.
varticataka.- A lark ("quail-like sparrow")
vartulàksa.- A brown hawk (or hawk with brown eyes)
vartira,vartirika.- Jungle Bush Quail Perdiculaasiatica
vata.- Bearded Vulture Gypaetusbarbatus (see Dave, p. 195)
vàsa*.- Persian baz
vàsàvàji.- Sparrow Hawk Accipiternisus and A.badius
vàtàsin.- Swift
vàyasa.- crow, House Crow
vàyasàntaka-uluka.- Dusky Eagle Owl Bubocoromandus
vàyasàntaka.- An owl that eats mainly crows
vàyvega = vegi
vàz*.- See vàj
vegi.- Merlin or Red-headed Falcon
velàdhara.- Dodo Raphuscucullatus (Dave: 399)
vesàra*.- A hunting hawk, Besra Sparrow Hawk Accipitervirgatus
vicikàka.- Gull (coll.)
vidigaya.- A bustard (Dave)
vihaga*,vika*.- Unidentified
vihàra.- Unidentified
vijana.- Burmese Peacock Pheasant Polyplectronbicalcaratum ("a fan")
vikakara.- A sandgrouse, genus Pterocles
vilàtà, see vailàtaka
vinkah*.- "Sparrow"
viskira.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
vispulingaka.- Prob. the Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotusflammeus
visvakà,visvakàhàputri,visuvi.- Pratincole? Glareolalactea
vitsàrikà.- Pied Starling Sturnuscontra
viyagràta*.- "Lark"
viyyaccàrin*.- "Vulture"
vrkara,varkara,bakara.- Tragopan Tragopansatyrus orT.melanocephalus
vrsàrava.- A kind of bird ("rain caller")
vrsàyana.- House Sparrow Passerdomesticus (an adnoun)
vyomalàsikà.- Skylark ("sky dancer" - Dave)
vyàghràta.- A lark
yaksa.- Common Mynah Acridotherestristis
yàjnavalkya.- Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphoneparadisi
yàmagoSa.- coq
yàsà.- Hill Mynah Graculareligiosa
yastikajalakukkuta.- Watercock Gallicrexcinerea
yastika.- A lapwing, genus Vanellus (Dave: 358), Black-winged Stilt Himantopushimantopus (Dave: 361)or Jassana Metopidiusindicus
yavagrivakukkuta.- Red Jungle Fowl Gallusgallus (adnoun or variety)
yavàlaka.- Kalij Pheasant Lophuraleucomelana
yavalakanthika.- Crested Goshawk Accipitertrivirgatus